Tuesday, April 12, 2011

Session 7 Management and conflict

This assignment asks us to present official rules for our final project site, three examples of site rules broken, three hypothetical actions you would do if an administrator and five unwritten rules for the site.

My final project is an examination of children's use of Facebook, the safety precautions that parents can take and a brief overview of the identity that children using the site have. I utilized many of the articles for this class, additional journal articles and a few books in addition to observing my daughter's facebook account.

Rules that govern Facebook are below:







Facebook is a site that states "Comment Policy: We love your comments, but please be respectful of others. We reserve the right to delete profane, harassing, abusive and spam comments and to block repeat offenders"

It is a very liberal website that lets its users "police" itself. Afterall, if you find somebody offensive you could simply "unfriend" the person. Facebook has privacy options and some rules and/or suggestions regarding usage.


Some of the privacy policy states that children under 13 should not try to create an Facebook account, and parents need to teach their children about internet safety.


Three examples of the rules being broken:
1. My daughters account, age 12... but I am her friend and I also felt that it would prevent her from creating her own account in a sneaky manner behind my back!

2.Some of her friends are not using their real last names, but rather another friend's last name.. Probably sneaking around so their parents don't find out.


3.Blatant lying about one's age to create an account. There is no way, my daughter's Facebook friend and classmate was born in 1931- that would make him 80 years old!!


Our assignment also asks us to think as an administrator and relate the example to our readings. This is a difficult one as our readings focused primarily on smaller SNSs (compared to Facebook) where content of the site itself could be user introduced or influenced. I do not think that Facebook meets the criteria of relating to some of the articles, so I will begin with some efforts an administrator may take in regards to enforcing Facebook rules and refer to class readings when possible and then I will give some examples from other sites and compare them to our readings.

Facebook is such a large SNS, I think it is an extremely huge and difficult job to monitor and enforce rules. Facebook operates on self-awareness as I read about in Gazan'a article, When Online Communities Become Self-Aware, for example " users acknowledge themselves as members of the community, and express particular ideas of appropriate behavior". Thus, I would believe that friends within the community have common interests and if they were to offend eachother they would simply "unfriend" besides, most people do not want to hurt their friends feelings and most facebook accounts are supportive- there is a friendship or community established.

Facebook does not fit the typical online community described in Cosley's article, How Oversight Improves Member-Maintained Communities, as tasks do not fall on community owners. Facebook is a huge SNS with will over 500 million active users, http://www.facebook.com/press/info.php?statistics
but but perhaps individual accounts could fit into Cosley's collective effort model in which regular users are rated thus possibly increasing motivation for others to participate more. This would be reliant on whether the individual user uses the friend rating application or takes into account the "recent" friends.

As for the age requirement rule and its under age users, perhaps programs could monitor some of the more suspicious date of births such as the 80 year old seventh grader, but other than somebody making a complaint, I think this area is extremely difficult to police. I find that Facebook utilized the disclaimer and recommendation for parental control and education of minors in internet safety.

Comparisons of readings to other sites:
In Gazan'a Understanding the Rogue User, there is an interesting explanation of personality dimensions! The article provided tables with rogue behavior and descriptions, that I found informative and somewhat funny in the fact that I've seen many those behaviors exhibited :)

A board that I visit on occasion, is a rosacea board- and at times people have reprimanded others on the site who seem to be have an unreasonable sense of entitlement by responding to some questions where they may have no experience nor knowledge in or recommending products in an "pushy" manner that may be because of possible financial gain. I attempted to locate a screen shot of this, but could not- it seems the administrators have been more active than in the past.

My final topic to relate to our readings and to SNSs is the article by Julian Dibbell, Mutilated Furries, Flying Phalluses: Put the Blame on Griefers, the Sociopaths of the Virtual World, this article described the callus and destructive behavior of individuals that find pleasure in disrupting virtual worlds. As a prior student of Dr. Nahls', I had explored the Second Life world and heard about these griefers- and although I cannot provide a screen shot- I have heard of the pink flamingos that were left everywhere and how Dr. Nahl and others had to clean up these pink flamingos!

I find it hard to believe that people would put that much time and effort into destructive behavior but I suppose that it evident in the hackers, spammers and people infecting computers with harmful viruses and advertisements. I think we all see this with pop-ups and such.(no screen shot needed- you all know the different spams out there)!

The last topic of our assignment has us list "unwritten" rules for our site. Again, my final project of Facebook does not quite fit into these rules- as every Facebook account is so individual and users are able to manage their own account by monitoring who they friend. But, I imagine most sites have these common rules: Be respectful, refrain from profanity, refrain from commercial use (support boards), be careful what you link onto (virus, cookies, etc), and finally be mindful of safety issues (address, private information, etc).

Sunday, April 3, 2011

Session 6 Online Identity and interation

This assignment asks us to propose a working identity for a site you are studying and compare it to one found in our readings. Contrasting definitions with Wellman's article. We are also asked to provide three scenarios (two sunny days and a rainy day). Then to address the question: how is online identity shaped and expressed through interactions in this community? And to do this with our final projects in mind. First, I shared some observations relating to my final project and the articles and secondly I provided some notes on my own encounters in SNSs in regards to our articles.

For my final project I was going to examine the use of Facebook for teenagers, how they interacted and the types of relationships established through these connections. As a parent, and a friend of my child's Facebook account- I was able to observe and examine her usage and those of her friends.

In Wellman's article, it provided two questions to consider when contemplating how the internet is influencing interpersonal relationships:
1. Do people communicate more because the internet offers the the capability to contact people at a distance?
2.Do they primarily communicate via the internet or are face-to-face meetings, phone calls and gatherings still important in creating closeness?

My observations of her usage showed that there was continued and improved communication with some of her peers that she no longer sees, such as her elementary school friends (neighborhood former classmates)thus allowing her to "check in with friends and colleagues, ask how they are doing.."(Donath) while answering Wellman's questions on the capability to contact people at a distance.

In this regards, the internet is vital to my daughter's continued relationship with some friends as some have moved to other states and they rely on Facebook and may only occasionally make the effort to conduct phone calls for special events or holidays.

Another area to note is the frequency of my teenagers use of Facebook. She has opted for text alerts when there are updates to her facebook account taking advantage of portable devices such as her cellular phone and her Ipod, reinforcing Wellman's statement that , "...with portability, people take their devices with them. The combination facilitates the emphasis on individuals connecting and (mobilizing) to individuals rather than individuals connecting to groups..."

Facebook also allows for "tagging" friends in pictures so that friendships and experiences can be validated and reinforce self-description (Donath).

Working definition of this online identity is of shared friendships and shaped through comments, likes and photos and tags.

Those are just a few of my observations relating to my final project and this assignment... I found some of the questions did not relate well to the final project- so I also wanted to share some personal experience in SNSs that may be more adequate towards this assignment.

Through exploration of various SNS sites for this class, I was exposed to Pinterest and am now a regular "pinner".

Pinterest users start to develop a sense of community based upon common interests and the ability to follow eachothers boards. There are notes that are left to fellow pinners and also boards specifically for friends within the site. This development agrees with Wellman's concept that the "...the developed world has been experiencing a shift...towards flexible communities based on networked households and individuals..."

The following screen shots provide two "sunny day" scenarios in which members are find common ground in "pins", notable in the repins or comments.









As for the "rainy day" scenario, I was unable to locate the large amounts of notes that went with it, but they focused on disagreement over some photographs that some considered "porno" while other considered art. Below is a screen shot of something people may be offended by... I am glad that the art value and the SNS controllers opted not to exclude these types of photos and those offended could merely keep scrolling and not repin.





Online identity of this site is people of shared interests, most having no physical or actual acquaintance with eachother than online. Identity is shaped by followers and repins of your items.

With this assignment it was difficult to focus the questions primarily on our final project as I am still observing my daughter's Facebook activities and doing research so I also provided some insight that may answer our assignment a bit more with my own observations on my favorite SNS :)

Wednesday, March 16, 2011

session 5 - social knowledge production and services

Reading through our articles, I was once more intrigued.. we were asked to compare sites based upon our readings and these four choices:
-online production vs. in-person collaboration
-social tagging vs. professional cataloging and classification
-social recommender systems vs. real-world advice seeking
-social Q&A sites vs. libraries or schools

Through our readings, a Librarians Worst Nightmare I discovered Yahoo answers.. amazing that I never knew about this site!

I began a comparison of that site and the Hawaii State Public Library site to try to gain a perspective on how they could benefit one another and also what would be a trade-off in using either one.

On the Yahoo answers home page



There are tabs where you can ask, answer, or discover, and a constantly changing "featured content question". There is also a recent tab and a popular tab option, including advertisement of mobile capability option. According to Leibenluft's article and evident when researching the Yahooanswer site, there is a push for quantity over quality and often repeated questions.

Comparing this to the Hawaii State Public Library site's home page


The HSPLS has various ways to search for information such as subject, topic, databases, etc.


including a "ask a Librarian" option


The ways that I think these two sites could benefit from eachother would be that the HSPLS system could examine the user-friendly style of Yahoo answers.. the plain truth is using the HSPLS site is not user-friendly, answers are not immediate and the site itself could probably do with some updating in regards to its appearance.

The Yahoo site has more cute images and may be easier to use, but the sources are not reliable and the answers are not as immediate as one would think:


Notice the many questions with no answers.. hmmm.. not as immediate as what I expected..although in the popular section there are quite a few answers:


I think the two could benefit eachother by learning from eachother's site- perhaps HSPLS could make its site more user friendly with a more updated appearance while the Yahooanswer site could perhaps offer links to reliable resources.

In addition, the increased usage of smart devices. As Dempsey's article stressed "services may be made mobile–ready, as with special mobile interfaces for library services, alerting services, and so on. Second, mobilization continues the restructuring of services, organizations and attention that networking has brought about. Think here of how to socialize and personalize services; how to adapt to collection and service use ... how to position and promote the library ‘brand’ as services..." The HSPLS site is often slow, and although they now offer the option of downloading ebooks, I have heard from some friends that it can be difficult to connect to the site.

Trade off is simple- with Yahoo the trade off is less reliability while the HSPLS site trade off is possibly inconvenience and a slower website. With the HSPLS site, the user may have to learn how to find resources on that site by using relevant search terms instead of the question/common language terms that Yahooanswers utilizes.

Both sites can be resourceful in their own rights- but for more reliable information on important topics, I would most definitely use library resources.

Monday, February 28, 2011

Session 4: Social Role, Capital and Trust

This session asks us to observe two online communities; and to gain a better understanding of its social role, capital and trust issues that may occur.

Although very different in types of online communities, I chose to observe Pinterest and Sephora, believing that they are similar in the fact that contributors are eager to share experience and insight into products or things they have found helpful and enjoyable in their lives. Sephora focusing on beauty topics and products while Pinterest offers contributors the opportunity to "Pin" things of interest to them; whether it is quotes, clothes, destination, food. Both have the capacity to introduce other community members to products and offer a positive impact by supplementing rather than supplanting human communication (Williams).

In Pinterest, contributors "pin" things of interest to them, and may "repin" things from other contributors- almost offering a type of collaboration ( Allen)or emotional support as items that are "repinned" may signify an agreement of ideas or draw upon these resources (Ellison).

Below is a screen shot of Pinterest.



The second image allows users to "repin" other pins and also click on the contributors name to access their Pinterest page possibly finding a fellow user with common interests.

The next OC site I observed and have used a couple of times in the past is Sephora. This site, is a retail site but also also Beauty advice and the opportunity for users to contribute ideas, advice and product reviews.


The next image, shows contribution frequency, beauty focus, beauty advice, product reviews and even a link to blogs.


Both sites offer users an opportunity to make connections, broaden social horizons while also offering a sense of collaboration and community (Williams).

According to one of our readings,Establishing Trust Management in an Open Source Collaborative Information Repository: An Emergency Response Information System Case
Study "This paper views trust as a dynamic domain specific belief or attitude held by an individual concerning confidence in the accuracy of collaboratively created and updated content". and I would think that both sites have established trust by not limiting nor editing contributions unless deemed offensive by the online community. Sephora allows negative and positive reviews which may impact sales in either a negative or positive manner, while Pinterest allows "pins" of all sorts including some with offensive language.

Joining Pinterest allowed me to "pin" other ideas and create a page of my own Pinterest. By pinning other peoples items it makes my own page accessible (although being new to the site, I have a rather empty page) In Sephora, my questions regarding products could be answered by clicking on the item and reading reviews or going into the beauty advice area and seeking specific topics.

Although not a regular participant in any online community, I really did enjoy Pinterest as the site was visual and full of cute and catchy items that I found myself repinning to my own page. Unfortunately the site is somewhat difficult to navigate and I am still trying to learn how to move around.

Sephora along with other sites that offer product reviews by users has changed the way that I shop. I will read reviews before purchasing any costly item.

I believe that both sites are beneficial to users, while Sephora offers users the ability to do product research and advice; the other site Pinterest is enjoyable and has often been something that has made me laugh and pass on to others as a way of sharing a smile or two.

The debate over the effects of OC, is still ongoing and from our readings and news events it looks like the debate will continue. I believe, like many other things, online communities can be both beneficial and detrimental. Online communities used in moderation and in the extent of individual usefulness and enjoyment without negatively impacting work or homelife lead to another opportunity to enhance ones life.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Sunday, February 13, 2011

Session 3: Motivation For Participation

Our session 3 readings, examined the many reasons why people join online communities(OC), by offering different theories and research results. Some readings also offered possible ways to improve participation through the exploration of the different types of OC participants.

I believe the session 3 readings had similar conclusions into the primary reasons of OC participation, such as the seeking of information, friendship and/or social support, although at what capacity differ greatly depending on individual needs, participation, and goals.

According to Motivating Content Contributions to Online Communities: Toward a More Comprehensive Theory , the most common users are called "lurkers" and their participation is minimal if not nonexistant. While the most valuable participants tend to be those that are intrinsically motivated.

In my observations, as a "lurker", I joined an online community of dog lovers at www.mydogspace.com and found that there were regular contributors although many more viewers in every posting. The number of comments compared to the number of views was astronomical, as I will show in some screen shots below. This substantiates the propostion that most OC members simply find the information they need without getting invloved while the "regular" participants had a sense of intrinsic motivation to provide information or feedback to questions and/or topics.

One area in our readings that I had a difficult time agreeing with was the concept that OC participants with a higher self-efficacy would contibute more than those with low self-efficacy.. (Tedjamulia) Efficacy being efficient- wouldint it be also efficient for the lesser participant to get the information that they needed and then carry out the suggestions instead of relaying inofrmation back and forth through the online community? But, of course our readings were more focused on just the study of OC participants and ways to improve participation and as somebody that does not actively belong to any such OC group I found it offensive to be considered less efficient.. for example, in the OC I joined of doglovers- if a user had a question regarding the dog's health and many people suggested seeing a vet- would it be efficient to keep up the "back and forth" postings or get the dog to the vet and then possibly return later and share the outcome?

MY OBSERVATIONS
I found the site www.mydogspace.com


The modes of participation of this site included such standards as Twitter and FaceBook, posts, rate posts, flagging posts, users rating, and fun things such as those listed below to encourage user participation:
Dog Fun and games:like guessing the breed, battle for cuteness, pet tails and pictures. Users could send in pictures/videos of pets and also vote on cutest dogs, etc. Dogs received "bark" votes and users frequency of votes was also noted. Pet Tails:Dogs dressed as super heros, polls, pet and animal news, pet health and tips, adoptions and rescue. Dog Info:dog breeds, dog and puppy health, puppy advice, special pet interests

Site also had blog and forum links:


The blogs has various links to user blogs that may or may not have anything to do with dogs, such as sending bark greeting or wedding presents.

The forum area is where I did my observations:


The five topics that received the most posts had something to do with the dog's health, behavior issues or the owner considering giving her dog away because of behavior problems. From the screen shot below, you can see the amount of comments compared to views is quite staggering!

For example, an URGENT post with the headline "My dog bit someone" had 13 response posts but an amazing amount of over 1500 views.


Although I did not go into the archives, from current pages I could see the other four types of content were on topics such as:
~gentle leader (a type of training leash) with 49 posts and 3402 views
~Potty training related posts appeared at least 25 times, garnering 61
views and some 6400 views
~Dog walking issues was also a repeat posting topic, showing up around 20
times with about 42 responses and some 4000 views
~Training issues also a repeat posting topic. I noticed numerous postings
of about 18 with 61 reponses and 5100 views

CONCLUSIONS
The site offered OC participants the opportunity to exchange information and/or gain social support while also offering entertainment value (Ridings, Catherine)such as games, voting opportunities, and user ratings. Unfortunately, this site also had an overwhelming amount of users who could be classified as "lurkers" for their lack of participation and/or motivation (Tedjamulia, Steven) which may have an impact on whether the site will continue to exist or garner financial sponsors (Ling, KG).

I myself enjoyed the opportunity to see cute dog pictures and videos and I suppose if I was to become a dog owner, I may one day utilize such a site to gain information or perhaps may look for a local dog lovers group in hopes of building friendships and networking. It did surpise me how the participation level in this site was rather low (based upon posts compared to views) but I suppose for the corporate sponsors the amount of users may still hold some value.

From our readings and my observations I can see the need for information, the need for social support, the various types of and interest levels of users and also the financial opportunities that such a site may have for business (clear by the dog food ads that consistently run on the sides). But the lack of active participants did surprise me, especially because these are all dog owners/lovers and Im still not sure what could be done to improve upon that as the site utilized games, flagging, user ratings and such.

Overall, I believe the growth and use of online communities will continue to steadily increase although what sites will enjoy success or longevity rely on its ability to gain and maintain continuued interest and participation.

___________________________________________________________________________
Reference:
Ling, KG. Using Social Psychology to Motivate Contributions to Online Communities.

Ridings, Catherine. Virtual Community Attraction: Why People Hang Out Online

Tedjamulia, Steven. Motivating Content Contributions to Online Communities: Toward a More Comprehensive Theory.

Wednesday, February 2, 2011

Session 2: Online community

Although not a normal follower of social networking sites, I was already a member of the Yahoo Rosacea group. Its a great little place where people can get support or have their questions answered regarding skin issues. There is also a monthly newsletter that comes out done by one of the site "managers" that lists and links new and upcoming pharmaceuticals or news articles relating to rosacea. Below is a sample of the newsletter.

Rosacea News December 2010
http://rosacea-support.org/2010/12

1. Lupin Pharmaceuticals also files ANDA for Generic Oracea

The battle to make generic Oracea available to the public is heating up.
Recently filed documents in Delaware show that Lupin Pharmaceuticals, which
are based in India have filed for ...

http://rosacea-support.org/lupin-pharmaceuticals-also-files-anda-for-generic-oracea.html

2. Laser still the best for Spider Veins on the Face (WSJ)

An article today in the Wall Street Journal’s Health Aches & Claims section
discusses treatments that are available to remove spider veins that can
develop on the face. The author quotes Dr. David Goldberg who is well know
to rosacea sufferers as a director of Skin Laser & Surgery Specialists of
New York and New Jersey and a clinical professor of dermatology and director
...

http://rosacea-support.org/laser-still-the-best-for-spider-veins-on-the-face-wsj.html

3. Rosaclear from Obagi as an Integrated Rosacea Treatment Regime

The idea of using an American Academy of Dermatology Poster session paper to
introduce research around a new product is nothing new. Getting a poster
session approved is easier than a full ...

http://rosacea-support.org/rosaclear-from-obagi-as-an-integrated-rosacea-treatment-regime.html

Session 2 : Social aspects of social computing

My first blog was about the Arizona shootings that occurred on January 8, this attack resulted in multiple injuries and several deaths, including a nine year old victim and of course the highly publicized injuries of Arizona's United States Representative, Gabrielle Giffords who was shot in the head.

The shooter, Jared Lee Loughner was said to be suffering from deteriorating mental capacity as was evident in his behavior and also through his personal social networking site, in which he bid farewell to friends. Whether a call for help or whether something could have been done to prevent his violent actions is unclear- but an interesting factor to be considered is the aspects of social computing, the change in human behavior, questionable responsibility of such sites and its followers, and the evolution social networking may be causing in our behavior and thought process.

Basically... what can we believe? What ethic, moral and/ or legal responsibility do readers/followers and host sites have? Legal ramifications for the involved parties (writer, follower, host site, law enforcement)? Why the need to blog!? Whats with all this sharing?

In my blog I am going to touch on my own experiences with texts and SNSs and examine why society is sharing more information about themselves than ever before.

What to believe?

One of our assigned readings, Social Responsibility and the Web: A Drama Unfolds examines a case recently in which a Twitter message from a mother asks, "If I smother my three year old , who will not go to sleep, is it really a crime?"

This simple tweet, probably done in a moment of "heat" resulted in a myriad of responses, from outrage to sympathy while gaining abundant public interest. According to David C. Evans, founder of the social media research company Psychster Inc., we should expect "the full array of human tendencies- constructive, destructive, pro-social, anti-social, conservative and risky to be expressed in social media, as they are in any other areas of social life."

In this case, I believe it was "better to be safe than sorry" and that a visit by police officers was a minor discomfort for the mother- it brings to my mind how often what we write about online or text and often be misconstrued. I can't tell you how many times I have had to "dissect" a text to try to decipher what what meant.. even reviewing the texts with others!

As BJ Fogg, director of Stanford University's Persuasive Technology Lab says, "We are connecting two people largely through text. Text is an impoverished medium for communicating emotion, intent, real meaning..the weakness of text to express emotion and the shallowness of many online relationships can result in dicey situations."

I find that texting or online communications lesson the validity or may create more confusion between people, its communicating without fully engaging- lacking human expression and often resulting in incomplete and easily misconstrued information...

"What did he mean by that?"
"Was he serious?"
"Whats that suppose to mean, with the wink face?"

Sometimes I truly miss the days before texting and SNSs... sometimes I just wanna hear a voice!! Yet, I am guilty of sending many texts in a day.. its a confusing state to be in... its a hate/love relationship!

Sharing of Info.. online communities

According to one of our readings, Online Social Networking as Participatory Surveillance by Anders Albrechtslund, "The practice of online social networking can be seen as empowering, as it is a way to voluntarily engage with other people and constuct identities...to participate in online social networking is also about the act of sharing yourself- or your constructed identity with others."

The idea of "constructing" an identity is attractive to many based upon the millions of people that use social networking sites. How often have I enjoyed a friend's Facebook because of their clever remarks and pictures? There are "friends" that I barely communicate with but maintain "friendship" with based on their Facebook profile.. I wouldint want to miss out on their clever jokes and travel pictures!I suppose this would give agreement to Albrechtslund's article that social networking sites are in fact a way of surveillance- a way of knowing what friends are doing when they want to share things.. that the use of social networking sites can be empowering in many ways. Where else can you construct what others see?

This concept has also been written about In Christine Rosen's article, Virtual Friendship and the New Narcism, "...our self-portraits are democratic and digital; they are crafted from pixels rather than paints. On social networking websites like MySpace and Facebook, our modern self-portraits feature background music, carefully manipulated photographs, stream-of-consciousness musings, and lists of our hobbies and friends. They are interactive, inviting viewers not merely to look at, but also to respond to, the life portrayed online. We create them to find friendship, love, and that ambiguous modern thing called connection. Like painters constantly retouching their work, we alter, update, and tweak our online self-portraits; but as digital objects they are far more ephemeral than oil on canvas."

According to another one of our readings, Why we Twitter: Understanding Microblogging Usage and Communities, "...findings indicate that blogs are used as a tool to share daily experiences, opinions and commentary...a user's retention and interest in blogging could be predicted by the comments received and continued relationship with other active members of the community."

While it is clear that social network sites offer users a fun way to get across whatever message they want, it can also be a positive medium towards improving professional networking and opportunity, as stated in our readings Motivating Content Contributions to Online Communities: Toward a more Comprehensive Theory, " the Internet has enabled its users to connect to an ever increasing amount of information and has allowed users to extend their professional and social networks through participation in online communities."

What it is:
The internet and Social networking sites have no doubt changed the world; we are in a constant state of evolving with technology- through our interactions with others, our behavior and the world as we know it. Kinda scary!
___________________________________________________________________________________

Sources:

Weeks, Linton (2009). Social Responsibility and the Web: A Drama Unfolds. 8 January 2009. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=99094257

Albrechtslund, Anders (2008). Online Social Networking as Participatory Surveillance. First Monday 13(3). http://firstmonday.org/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/2142/1949

Rosen, Christine (2007). Virtual Friendship and the New Narcissism. The New Atlantis 17, 15-31. http://www.thenewatlantis.com/publications/virtual-friendship-and-the-new-narcissism

Java, Akshay. Why We Twitter: Understanding Microblogging Usage and Communities. https://laulima.hawaii.edu/access/content/group/MAN.88616.201130/Session%203%3A%20Motivation%20for%20participation/java-why-we-twitter.pdf

Tedjamulia, Steven (2005). https://laulima.hawaii.edu/access/content/group/MAN.88616.201130/Session%203%3A%20Motivation%20for%20participation/tedjamulia-motivating-content-contributions.pdf